Burnside's "Mud March"

Tuesday, January 20, 1863

The Twenty-Seventh Connecticut received orders to march toward Fredericksburg, as General Ambrose Burnside planned to advance upon the city once more. Generals Joseph Hooker and William Franklin were ordered to march north six miles and cross the Rappahannock River at Banks' Ford in a flanking move on Fredericksburg and General Edwin Sumner was to cross at Falmouth to advance directly upon the city. As the army began their move rain ensued for several days, and the advance of the army was impeded by heavy rain and mud. After three days the campaign, known as the "Mud March," was halted permanently.¹

References:
¹Winthrop Dudley Sheldon The "Twenty-Seventh," : A Regimental History (New Haven, Connecticut: Morris and Benham, 1866), 38-9.

Burnside and Sumner Review the Second Corps

Sunday, January 18, 1863

The Twenty-Seventh Connecticut participated in a review of the Second Corps by Generals Ambrose Burnside and Edwin Sumner.¹

References:
¹Winthrop Dudley Sheldon The "Twenty-Seventh," : A Regimental History (New Haven, Connecticut: Morris and Benham, 1866), 37-8.

Battle of Fredericksburg - Day 3

Saturday, December 13, 1862

General Ambrose Burnside ordered General William Franklin's Left Grand Division to strike Confederate Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson south of Fredericksburg, and ordered General Edwin "Bull" Sumner's Right Grand Division and General Joseph Hooker's Center Grand Division to assault Confederate General James Longstreet at Marye's Heights.

Early in the morning the Twenty-Seventh Connecticut formed a line of battle along Caroline Street. General Winfield Hancock, commander of their division, inspected the Twenty-Seventh Connecticut and proclaimed, "You are the only Connecticut regiment in my division. Bring no dishonor upon the State you represent." The order to march was issued around noon.

The Twenty-Seventh Connecticut proceeded past the railroad depot to an open expanse of farmland near a hill known as Marye's Heights. At the base of Marye's Heights was a stone wall that afforded protection for Confederate rifleman situated securely behind the wall. As the Twenty-Seventh Connecticut advanced across the open farmland a swale in the landscape offered some protection from the rifle fire at the base of the stone wall. As they neared the Stratton House, nearly 75 yards from the stone wall, they emerged from the swale and were exposed to a killing fire from the Confederates behind the wall. The men of the Twenty-Seventh sought protection from the Stratton House and the swale. Every attempt to assault Marye's Heights suffered the same disastrous fate, and the casualties among the Union soldiers was catastrophic. Approximately 8,000 Union soldiers were killed or wounded in front of the stone wall during this terrible, long day.

The Twenty-Seventh Connecticut suffered heavily, losing one-third of their men to death or wounding. Among those killed was Private Augustus Baldwin Fairchild of Company A. ¹

References:
¹Winthrop Dudley Sheldon The "Twenty-Seventh," : A Regimental History (New Haven, Connecticut: Morris and Benham, 1866), 25-30. Compiled service record, Augustus Baldwin Fairchild, Pvt., Co. A, 27th Connecticut Infantry; Carded Records, Volunteer Organizations, Civil War; Records of the Adjutant General's Office, 1780s-1917, Record Group 94; National Archives, Washington, D.C.

Battle of Fredericksburg - Day 1

Thursday, December 11, 1862

At 6:30 A.M. the Twenty-Seventh Connecticut assembled with the Third Brigade near the Phillips House, the headquarters of General Edwin Sumner of the Right Grand Division. From this location the Twenth-Seventh Connecticut witnessed the crossing of the Rappahannock River by the Seventh Michigan and the Twentieth Massachusetts regiments under heavy fire at the Upper Pontoon Crossing. Confederate sharpshooters fired volleys into the advancing Union troops as they crossed. In order to assist the crossing General Ambrose Burnside ordered the artillery to launch barrages on the town. After a long day of hand-to-hand street fighting the roads of Fredericksburg were cleared for the Union advance and the town was under the control of the Federal troops.

The Twenty-Seventh Connecticut remained on the Falmouth side of the Rappahannock River for the entire day.¹

References:
¹Winthrop Dudley Sheldon The "Twenty-Seventh," : A Regimental History (New Haven, Connecticut: Morris and Benham, 1866), 22-24.

Arrival at Falmouth

Tuesday, December 9, 1862

The Twenty-Seventh Connecticut arrived at Falmouth at noon and immediately reported to the headquarters of General Darius Couch, commander of the Second Corps. The Twenty-Seventh Connecticut officially joined the Army of the Potomac, assigned to General Samuel Zook's Third Brigade of General Winfield S. Hancock's First Division of the Second Corps of General Edwin "Bull" Sumner's Right Grand Division.¹

References:
¹Winthrop Dudley Sheldon The "Twenty-Seventh," : A Regimental History (New Haven, Connecticut: Morris and Benham, 1866), 20.